Which specimen is negatively affected by chilling?

Chilling can negatively affect potassium levels in a specimen because cold temperatures can cause potassium to leak out of cells. When blood samples are refrigerated, the cooler environment can lead to cell lysis, releasing potassium into the serum and potentially resulting in erroneously elevated potassium levels. This is particularly important in phlebotomy and laboratory testing, as accurate potassium measurements are crucial for diagnosing and managing various medical conditions, including those related to kidney function and electrolyte imbalances. In contrast, glucose, calcium, and sodium levels do not experience similar variances from chilling, as their concentration dynamics do not involve significant changes from cellular effects in response to lower temperatures.